Ethics and Moral Standards: 20 Important principles

Deontological Principles: It emphasizes adherence to moral duties, rules or principles. eg: The categorical imperative proposed by Immanuel Kant suggests that individuals should act according to principles that could be universally applied without contradiction

Consequentialist Principles: These are also called teleological ethics assess the morality of actions based on their outcomes or consequences. Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory posits that actions should maximize overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. 

Virtue-Based Principles: Virtue ethics centers on cultivating virtuous character traits. It places a strong emphasis on fostering moral qualities like fairness, bravery and kindness. Virtue ethics focuses on becoming a good person rather than solely focusing on specific actions or consequences. 

Rights-Based Principles: Rights-based ethics emphasize the inherent rights and dignity of individuals. It contends that particular rights like the privilege of liberty and secrecy need to be cherished and safeguarded. The concept of human rights is often foundational to rights-based principles.

Duty-Based Principles: Duty-based ethics revolve around fulfilling real obligations and responsibilities. It highlights the importance of honoring duties or roles in different contexts such as professional, family or societal obligations.

Relativistic Principles: Relativistic ethics posts that good morals and judgments are subjective and vary across cultures, individuals or contexts. There isn't a single unchanging moral truth and such standards might vary depending on societal, historical and individual variables

Pragmatic Principles: Pragmatic ethics focuses on practical consideration and the context-specific nature of ethical decision-making. it recognizes the importance of balancing various moral principles and taking into account real-world complexities and consequences

Virtues:

Honesty: Being truthful and open-minded in one's behavior and discussions are referred to as being honest. It involves sincerity and genuineness in dealing with others and not purposefully misleading or deceiving them. Honesty fosters trust and credibility in relationships and it demonstrates a commitment to ethical conduct.

Integrity: Adherence to moral and ethical principles. Involves consistently acting by one's values and beliefs regardless of external pressure or temptations. People with integrity exhibit honesty, dependability and an intense awareness of basic morality in both their personal and professional lives. 

Compassion: Empathy and care for the welfare of others are two characteristics of compassion. A compassionate culture promotes deeds of empathy, charity and assistance to those in need.

Respect: Respect entails treating others with dignity, fairness and courtesy. Appreciating each person for who they truly are regardless of their upbringing beliefs or differences. Respecting others means listening to their perspectives. Valuing their autonomy and refraining from actions that demean or harm them. Fosters an atmosphere of diversity, teamwork and understanding.

Responsibility: Refers to taking ownership of one's actions and obligations. It involves being accountable for one's choices, behavior and consequences, individual growth, reliability and the creation of a trustworthy environment all start with responsibility.

Fairness: Ensures equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals. It involves acting impartially without favoritism or discrimination and considering the needs and rights of everyone involved. Fairness encourages equality, justice and the acknowledgment of everyone's inherent value and worth, irrespective of their upbringing or situations.

Forgiveness: Remorse must be released and those who have wronged us must be granted forgiveness to be forgiven. It is a process of releasing negative emotions and choosing to move forward without holding grudges or seeking revenge. On a personal and social level forgiveness enables, healing, reunification and repair of connection

Kindness:

Loyalty:

Gratitude

Patience

Courage

Humility

Justice

Generosity

Empathy

Tolerance

Perseverance

Self Discipline

Graciousness

Trustworthiness

Wisdom

Environmental Consciousness

Non Violence

Moderation

Equality

Open Mindedness

50 great books

1.  The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck
2. 1984, George Orwell
3. A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens
4. A Fine Balance, Rohinton Mistry
5. A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, Betty Smith
6. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll
7. Angela's Ashes, Frank McCourt
8. Jamaica Kincaid, Annie John
9. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, As Told To Alex Haley
10. The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath
11. Beloved, Toni Morrison
12. Richard Wright Black Boy
13. Breakfast at Tiffany's, Truman Capote
14. The Catcher In The Rye, J.D.Salinger
15. The Diary of a Young Girl, Anne Frank
16. Fierce Attachments, Vivian Gornick
17. The Fire Next Time, James Baldwin
18. Frankenstein, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly
19. The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood
20. The Heart is a lonely hunter, Carson McCullers
21. The house of mirth, Edith Wharton
22. How to build a girl, Caitlin Moran
23. Howards end, EM Forster
24. I Am Malala, Malala Yousafzai
25. I know why the caged bird sings, Maya Angelou
26. Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison
27. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre
28. Just Kids, Patti Smith
29. The Liar's Club, Mary Karr
30. Little Women, Louisa May Alcott
31. Long Walk To Freedom, Nelson Mandela
32. Man's Search For Meaning, Viktor E Frankl
33. Maus, Art Spiegelman
34. Middlemarch, George Eliot
35. Mrs Dalloway, Virginia Woolf
36. No Pain like this body, Harold Sonny Ladoo
37. Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi
38. Persuasion, Jane Austen
39. The picture of dorian gray, Oscar Wilde
40. The prime of miss jean brodie, Muriel Spark
41. Rebecca, Daphne Du Maurier
42. The remains of the day, Kazuo Ishiguro
43. Runaway, Alice Munro
44. The spicebox of earth, Leonard Cohen
45. Their eyes were watching god, Zora Neale Hurston
46. To kill a mockingbird, Harper Lee
47. Uncle Tunsten, Oliver Sacks
48. The warmth of other suns, Isabel Wilkerson
49. White Teeth, Zadie Smith

12 Philosophers and their Philosophies

Immanuel Kant: An action is morally right if it can be considered a universal law that applies to everyone, in all situations without any logical inconsistencies. 

Rene Descartes: I think, therefore I'm You can doubt nearly everything in the world as not being real, whether you're awake or dreaming. But you cannot doubt the act of doubting itself. Doubting is a form of thinking, in order to think you must exist.

Friedrich Nietzsche: Will to power:  Neitzsche thought the 'will to power' is the fundamental driving force of humans, achievement, ambition and striving to reach the highest possible position in life. 

Socrates: Socratic method:  Asking continual questions to systematically clarify another person's ideas and exposes any contradictions in those ideas, thereby stimulating critical thinking and illuminating ideas. How? Why? What?

David Hume: Principle of Empiricism:  Hume asserts that all knowledge derives from sensory experience. He argued that we can't have a priori knowledge about the way the world is, we can only experience it through our senses and draw conclusions based on those experiences. 

John Locke: Natural Rights:   Locke surmised that rights such as 'life, liberty and property' are inherent to individuals, independent of any government or system. 

And the primary role of government is to protect these rights and it can be overthrown if it fails to do so.

Thomas Aquinas: Thomism:  Aquinas asserts god is the supreme origin of knowledge, and humans are capable of understanding aspects about god through processes of rational thought and divine revelation. Also there's an objective moral order we can discover through reason.

Soren Kierkegaard: Leap of Faith:  According to Kierkegaard, because there are no objective proofs for god's existence, faith requires a conscious leap into the unknown. He argued certain truth, specially those involving religion/faith are beyond human reason and logic.

Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge:  Knowledge and power are intimately bound together. Those who control knowledge wield power and the nature of that power can shape what is known and understood by individuals within a society.

John Stuart Mill: Principle of utility:  It is the promotion of the greatest happiness for the greatest number through utilitarian ethics and the defense of individual liberty against societal interference. And actions are right insofar as they tend to promote happiness. 

Aristotle: Teleology:  Aristotle believed that everything in nature has a purpose or end including inanimate matter. This is often encapsulated in his saying 'Nature does nothing in vain'

Plato: Theory of forms:  This proposes the physical world, the world we percieve through our senses, is not the real world but rather a world of appearances. The real world consists of eternal, unchangeable ideals or forms that are more real than the things we perceive. 

How to use 80/20 effectively

 How to implement 80/20 in daily life like scheduling your day, prioritise tasks, take-up new challenge, tap new opportunities and improvise mental health and overall productivity.

80/20 rule is 20% effort will lead to 80% result. Nownwe shall see how it's used for high effectivity

1. Identify your primary goal: List your 10 goals, two of these will produce 80% results for all the 10 goals, now you know which two are the most important
2. Inventory your tasks: work only on essentials, delegate or get rid of the rest
3. Before taking a task and completing it reflect upon its importance: check whether the task taken is at top 20% or not
4. Identify your most productive time: schedule your work at the most productive time of the day
5. Constantly measure your input and output, improvise for better productivity

10 time wasters

1.  Worrying
2. Complaining
3. Watching TV
4. Overthinking
5. Procrastination
6. Fear of failure
7. Forcing to be perfect
8. Waiting to be inspired 
9. Caring what others think
10. Repeating mistakes

5 free tools that make your business look professional

1.  PDF Creation: Use Primo PDF. Very good for print and fax both
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7 step guide to achieve exceptional reading speed

1.  Avoid subvocalization: subvocalization means speaking the words in your head while you are reading them. This reduces reading speed to the speed which you talk. Know that your brain can perceive words x50 faster. Stop speaking the words in your mind.
2. Use a pacemaker: use your finger or pen, use a constant speed which is slightly faster than your confort. This increases concentration and does not allow jumping backward in the text.
3. Widen your vision: Train your eyes to focus on word groups, not each word individually. Begin with three words and read group to group
4. Prioritize text sections: Look for headlines and keywords. Prioritize sequence on its importance, skip those which are not important.
5. Remove distractions: Read in a quiet environment, concentrate on the text.
6. Practice regularly: Practice above mentioned methods everyday for 10 minutes three to four times everyday
7. Avoid scrolling back: Avoid constantly going back or checking what you've already read.

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